Syllabus

PS 223 History of Western Political Thought I

Fall 2002

T- Th 12:30-1:45 pm

W. Wesley McDonald

Room N203      
Telephone:  361-1306

Office: N247             

Email: mcdonaldw@etown.edu.


Course Text

John H. Hallowell & Jene M. Porter, Political Philosophy (Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice-    Hall Canada Inc.: 1997)

Jene M. Porter (ed.)  Classics in Political Philosophy 3rd Ed. (Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice-Hall Canada Inc.: 2000)

Course Description and Objectives

                        This course will introduce students to the fundamental issues of politics as they emerge from some of the great works of Western thought, written between the Fifth Century B.C. and the sixteenth century A.D.   Selected thinkers are examined with a view to their lasting contribution to the understanding of political life.   The objective of this course is to demonstrate how every conception of government implies a view of man’s nature and destiny and that no adequate understanding of politics and its goals is possible without a systematic consideration of the essence of the human condition.  Self, justice, nature, order and freedom are among some of the issues examined.

Course Requirements

1.The student is expected to complete fully the assigned reading for each class and to be prepared to contribute to class discussions.
2.  Reaction Papers
     a.  Two  3 - 5 page response papers will be required.
     b.  You will be asked to summarize and critically evaluate an idea of theory found in one of the essays in the readings textbook edited by Jene Porter and/or Aristotle’s Politics.
    c.  The topic of your essay will be assigned by the instructor.
    d.  The paper will be due during the week in which the reading assignment on which your paper is based is being discussed in class.
    e.  As the class “expert” on the essay assigned to you, you will be called on in class to elaborate upon or describe some principle of argument made by the essay’s author.  Your responses will count as part of your class contribution grade.  Students assigned essays on Plato will be given an additional week grace period before their papers must be completed and turned in.
     f.  The paper must be typewritten and double-spaced.
    g.  The grade for the paper will be determined by the following criteria:
          1.  Does the paper demonstrate that the student has thoroughly read and comprehended the assigned reading?
          2.  Is it well organized?
          3.  Does the paper make an argument, demonstrate insights, synthesize ideas, show interrelationships, explain cause-and-effect and incorporate additional library research?
          4.  Is it well written and free from an inordinate amount of spelling and grammatical errors?  Is it neat and free from annoying corrections and type-overs?

Grading

              The final course grade will be based on the following:                             

Final Examination

40 points

Mid-term Examination

30 points

Reaction Papers

25 points

Contribution to class discussion and class attendance

05 points

 

Examinations

Examinations will be entirely of the essay variety.  There will be no make-ups on the mid-term examination.  If the mid-term is missed, a double grade will then be given on the final examination.

Attendance

Every student will be held responsible on all tests for all material covered in class lectures and discussions.  Other than this, there is no formal attendance requirement.


Course Outline


I.  Introduction

a)       A discussion of the objectives of the course.  What is political theory?  Why study political theory?

b)       Readings: H & P, Introduction pp. XII - XVI


II.  Ancient Greece:  The Foundations of Political Philosophy

Solon and the Idea of the Mixed Regime

      1.       The central political institution of ancient Greece
2.       The three types of Athenian residents
3.       Causes of civil strife during the time of Solon
4.       Solon’s reforms of the Athenian constitution
5.       Solon’s legacy to Athens and to Western political thought.

Readings: H & P, p. 1-5
Web Links: 
S O L O N:  The Lawmaker of Athen (died 559 B.C.) by Plutarch


Plato, The Republic and The Laws

1.       The nature of justice, the role of intelligence, the nature of “good,” the relationship between the order of the soul and the order of the commonwealth, ideal regime, Allegory of the Cave, Timocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy, Tyranny, Myth of Er.

2.       Plato, The Statesman and The Laws - the re-admission of the laws.  The Golden Cord of the Law

                                                Readings: H & P, p. 5-54, Porter, pp 2-100          
                                              
Web Links:  Plato Web Site; The Internet Classics Archive | The Republic by Plato



Aristotle and the Mixed Polity

      1.        The organic state
2.       Criticism of Plato
3.       Best possible regime
4.       Causes of revolution
5.       Nature of justice
6.       Classification of constitutions
7.       Citizenship

Readings:  H & P, p. 55-95, Porter,  pp.101-173
                       Recommended Reading:  Ernest Barker, The Politics of Aristotle. Read especially pp xlvii-lxii, and Books I, II, III, IV, V
                     
Web Links:  Aristotle;The Internet Classics Archive | Politics by Aristotle


The Decline of the Greek City-State; the Decay of the Moral and Political Order:  The Hellenistic Philosophers

     1.       Cynicism, H & P, p. 96-99 Web Links:  Cynics
2.       Epicureanism, H & P, p. 99-102
Web Links:  Epicureans

MID-TERM EXAMINATION


III.  The Roman Order and the Law

                                      1.   Roman Law, H & P, p. 117-120
                                           
Web Links:  Roman Law: Homepage; Justinian Code
                                      
2.  Polybius on the mixed constitution and constitution change, H & P, p. 108-110
                                           
Web Links:  Selections from Polybius' "History", Polybius and the Founding Fathers: the separation of powers, The Republic Strikes Back - Polybius

                                        3.   Cicero, The Republic and The Offices, H & P, p. 110-117
                                              a.   Natural law
                                              b.  Cycle of constitutions
                                              c.  The Composite State
                                                   Web Links:  Marcus Tullius Cicero, The Internet Classics Archive | Works by Cicero

                                          4.  Stoicism -- the idea of civic virture and individual morality, H & P, p. 102-107
                                               a.  Seneca
                                               b.  Marcus Aurelius
                                                   
Web Links:  Stoicism

                                           5) Christian Obedience
                                          
6)  Conclusion, H & P, p. 120-121


IV.  Early Medieval Political Thought:  The Contribution of the Church Fathers and Medieval Feudal Institutions
                                          
                                           1.  St. Augustine, The City of God
                                                 a. 
Two cities
                                                 b.  Original sin and the state
                                                 c.  Platonic influences on St. Augustine
                                                       Readings:  H & P, p. 126-160, Porter, pp. 176-202
                                                      
Web Links: Augustine of Hippo, St. Augustine (354-430)                                                                                       2.  Church and State
                                                     a.  Christian papal sovereignty and the claims to supremacy -- the Petrine Doctrine
                                                    
b.  The two swords doctrine
                                                     c. 
The Investiture Controversy
                                           3.  Feudal decentralization:  the process of personal obligation, formation of social strata and
hierarchical distribution of political power, the role of the law.
                                                 Readings:  H & P, p. 160-172

V.  Late Middle Ages:  Scholastic Natural Law and Its Opponents

                                            
a.  St. Thomas Aquinas - natural law and the revival of Aristotle
                                                   1.  Natural Law
                                                   2.  Best Possible Regime
                                                   3.  The Issue of Tyrannicide
                                                   4.  The Responsibilities of Kingship
                                                        Readings: H & P, p. 175-220,  Porter, pp. 203-224.
                                                       
Web Links:  The Summa Theologica, Great Books Index - St Thomas Aquinas

                                             b.  Marsilio of Padua -- the break with the Christian political tradition


VI.  The Renaissance: Power Politics and the Development of the Nation-State

                                                  a.  Machiavelli, The Prince and The Discourses
                                                          1.  Analysis of political power
                                                          
2.  Virtú and Fortuna 
                         
                                3. His objections to the intrusion of Christian doctrine into politics and to the role of the
 Catholic Church in Italian politics.
                                                          4. His critique of natural law
                                                          5. The political realism of Machiavelli
                                                                Readings:  H & P, p. 225-276, Chapter 8, Porter, pp. 225-263
                                                                 Web Links:  Nicolo Machiavelli [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy], Niccolo Machiavelli | Italian Statesman and Political Philosopher
                                                 
                                                 
b.       Jean Bodin:  The Father of the Modern Concept of Sovereignty
                                                         1.  The Six Books of the Republic
                                                         2.  French Civil Wars and St. Bartholemew’s Day Massacre
                                                         3.  Theory of Sovereignty
                                                         4.  Religious tolerance
                                                              Web Links:
   Jean Bodin; SIX BOOKS OF THE COMMONWEALTH; Biographical Sketch                                                                       

Final Examination: Saturday, Dec. 14 11am-2pm.

 

Tuesday, September 03, 2002